TGF-b1 or hypoxia enhance glucose metabolism and lactate production via HIF1A signaling in tendon cells

Tumor-Associated Microglia/Macrophages Enhance the Invasion of Glioma Stem-like Cells via TGF-b1 Signaling Pathway

Hypoxia-inducible factors enhance glutamate signaling in cancer cells

Signaling through glutamate receptors has been reported in human cancers, but the molecular mechanisms are not fully delineated. We report that in hepatocellular carcinoma and clear cell renal carcinoma cells, increased activity of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) due to hypoxia or VHL loss-of-function, respectively, augmented release of glutamate, which was mediated by HIF-dependent expression...

NDRG3-mediated lactate signaling in hypoxia

Hypoxia is associated with many pathological conditions as well as the normal physiology of metazoans. We identified a lactate-dependent signaling pathway in hypoxia, mediated by the oxygen- and lactate-regulated protein NDRG family member 3 (NDRG3). Oxygen negatively regulates NDRG3 expression at the protein level via the PHD2/VHL system, whereas lactate, produced in excess under prolonged hyp...

Regulatory T Cells Enhance Mast Cell Production of IL-6 via Surface-Bound TGF-b

Production of IL-6 via Surface-Bound TGF- Regulatory T Cells Enhance Mast Cell